October 29, 2026
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BOJ Pertahankan Suku Bunga Rendah, Yen dan Indeks Nikkei 225 Melemah

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Tanggal 28 Juli 2023, Bank of Japan (BOJ) memutuskan untuk mempertahankan suku bunga utama jangka pendeknya di level -0,1 persen, dan imbal hasil obligasi 10 tahun di sekitar 0 persen. Keputusan ini diambil dalam pertemuan bulan Juli yang berlangsung pada hari Jumat.

Dampak dari keputusan tersebut terlihat pada pasar saham Jepang yang mengalami penurunan, dan indeks Nikkei 225 menjadi pendorong utama penurunan di bursa Asia, turun sebesar 2,30 persen menjadi 32.134,42 pada pukul 11.42 WIB. Hal ini dipengaruhi oleh keputusan bank sentral yang dianggap sebagai faktor penyebab pelemahan.

Tak hanya itu, yen Jepang juga mengalami penurunan lanjutan sebesar 0,97 persen menjadi di level 138 terhadap dolar. Sebelumnya, yen sempat mencapai level terkuatnya dalam lebih dari seminggu dengan melewati angka 139 per dolar.

Penurunan ini muncul setelah spekulasi selama berbulan-bulan bahwa BOJ akan menyesuaikan kebijakan kontrol kurva imbal hasil (YCC) obligasi untuk memungkinkan suku bunga jangka panjang naik di atas batas 0,5 persen. Kinerja yen juga terlihat menguat dalam setahun sebesar 4,48 persen dibandingkan tahun sebelumnya.

Pasar percaya bahwa kebijakan ultra-dovish BOJ telah memberikan tekanan pada imbal hasil obligasi dan mata uang Jepang. Meskipun BOJ mempertahankan suku bunga rendah, bank sentral akhirnya mengambil langkah-langkah untuk membuat kebijakan pengendalian YCC menjadi lebih fleksibel guna mengurangi kekhawatiran mengenai efek samping dari pelonggaran moneter yang berkepanjangan.

Namun, Reuters melaporkan bahwa BOJ mungkin akan melakukan perubahan kecil pada kebijakan tersebut jika biaya YCC mulai melebihi manfaatnya. Sebelumnya, bank sentral juga diharapkan mempertahankan batas 0,5 persen untuk imbal hasil obligasi pemerintah 10 tahun, namun kenaikan suku bunga jangka panjang di atas level tersebut masih dimungkinkan.

Pertemuan BOJ ini berlangsung setelah The Federal Reserve, bank sentral Amerika Serikat, pada Rabu telah menaikkan suku bunga sebesar 25 basis poin. Hal ini akan semakin memperbesar kesenjangan suku bunga antara AS dan Jepang.

Sejak diperkenalkan pada tahun 2016, BOJ telah mengalami sedikit kesulitan dalam mengendalikan imbal hasil obligasi ketika inflasi tetap jauh di bawah targetnya. Namun, tahun lalu kondisi berubah saat harga komoditas melonjak, mendorong inflasi di atas target 2 persen dan mempengaruhi batas imbal hasil yang terlalu rendah.

Meskipun begitu, data terbaru menunjukkan bahwa inflasi konsumen inti di Tokyo melambat pada Juli, namun tetap di atas target bank sentral sebesar 2 persen. BOJ menyatakan perlunya mempertahankan kebijakan yang sangat longgar untuk mencapai target inflasi 2 persen secara berkelanjutan dan stabil, serta meningkatkan upah.

Gubernur BOJ, Kazuo Ueda, sebelumnya telah menyatakan bahwa masih ada jarak yang harus diatasi untuk mencapai target inflasi 2 persen bank sentral secara berkelanjutan dan stabil.

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